Morocco, Decline of traditional government (1830 - 1912)

During the French invasion of Algeria in 1830, the sultan of Morocco, Moulay (Mawlay) Abd ar-Rahman (1822 - 59), briefly sent troops to occupy Tlemcen but withdrew them after French protests. The Algerian leader Abdelkader in 1844 took refuge from the French in Morocco. A Moroccan army was sent to the Algerian frontier; the French bombarded Tangier on August 4, 1844, and Essaouira (Mogador) on August